Beatriz de León Cobo, Director of the Spanish Institute for Migration Analysis (IEAM), took part in a session organised by the Government of the Canary Islands on the geopolitics of the Sahel and its impact on the migration route toward the archipelago. In this interview for La Provincia, she analyses the factors that explain current dynamics.
How does instability in the Sahel influence migration flows toward the Canary Islands?
Three factors explain the increase: the governance crisis in the Sahel, where counterterrorism takes precedence over public services and migration management; the economic and security crisis; and structural factors such as the climate crisis. The majority of profiles are economic migrants, particularly from Mali.
Is strengthening Frontex enough?
Useful in emergencies, but insufficient on its own. A comprehensive strategy is needed at the origin and transit stages, combining operational support, international coordination, and development. EU–Mauritania and Spain–Senegal frameworks exist, but they need to be expanded.
Limited response from the EU?
The EU reflects diverse priorities (Ukraine, the Middle East, international aid). Europe is rearming and redefining its priorities; public and media pressure in each Member State is key to keeping the Sahel on the agenda.
Why is there no stability despite UN/EU missions?
Rather than a failure, the results are limited: without sustainability or local ownership, the impact does not last once the donor withdraws. Programs need to be consolidated so they can continue when attention shifts elsewhere.
Does jihadism in the Sahel threaten the Canary Islands?
No: the organisations have stated that they do not intend to attack Europe following the international withdrawal; they are focused on the region and expansion southward (Benin, Ghana, Togo).
Why are arrivals in the Canary Islands decreasing?
Due to pressure from the Government of Mauritania in response to the increase in departures from Senegal and Mali. The Algerian route is very dangerous, and trafficking networks have sought alternatives. It is too early to know whether this trend will continue.
“Pressure from the Government of Mauritania has led to intensified control following the increase in departures from Senegal and Mali.”
